India Pale Ale (IPA) is a bold, hoppy beer known for its distinctive bitterness and aromatic flavour profile. Typically ranging from 5.5% to 7.5% ABV, IPAs are characterized by their prominent hop flavours, which can vary widely depending on the variety used. These hops often impart citrusy, piney, floral, or tropical fruit notes, creating a vibrant and complex aroma. The malt backbone of an IPA is usually clean and slightly sweet, providing a balance to the strong hop presence. There are various substyles of IPA, including West Coast IPAs, which tend to be more bitter and resinous, and New England IPAs, which are juicier, hazier, and less bitter with more emphasis on fruity hop flavours.